Senusilik, Kuzey Afrika’da yaygın olan Şazeliyye tarikatının bir koludur. En temel ilkeleri kardeşlik ve yardımlaşmadır. Senusi zaviyeleri (tekke) aynı zamanda birer okul olup çevredeki ailelerin çocuklarına eğitim verirdi.
Senusi tekkeleri genellikle ticaret ve hac yolları üzerinde kurulduklarından yolcular için bir konaklama yeri özelliğini taşımaktaydı. Yine her zaviyenin etrafında ziraat yapılabilen bir arazisi mevcuttu. Bu durum zaviye çevresinin kısa zamanda genişleyerek kasaba haline gelmesini sağladı.
Bölgede yapılan ticarette söz sahibi olan Senusiler Fransa ve İtalya’nın istila girişimine karşı mücadeleyi örgütlediler. 1911 yılı Ekim ayında İtalyan işgal orduları Trablusgarp sahillerine çıkarma yapınca Ahmed Şerif es-Senusi bütün mensuplarını cihada çağırdı ve Osmanlı birliklerinin yanında ülkesinin istiladan kurtarılması için mücadeleye girişti.
1837’de kuruluşundan yarım yüzyıl sonra tekkelerinin sayısı 100’ü bulmuş olan Senusiyye tarikatı hep Osmanlı tarafını tutmuştur.
ÖMER MUHTAR
Senusi mensupları ve yerli halk, Derne bölgesine gelen Enver Bey ve aralarında Mustafa Kemal’in de bulunduğu Osmanlı subayları tarafından askeri eğitime tabi tutuldu. İtalyanları zor duruma düşürdü. İtalyanlar hakimiyeti ele geçirince Senusilerin bütün zaviyelerini kapatarak mallarına el koydular.
Osmanlı ile iyi ilişkiler içinde olan Senusiyye şeyhleri zaman zaman padişah tarafından taltif edilerek kendilerine nişanlar ve unvanlar verilmiştir.
Ömer Muhtar bir Senusidir. İtalyan işgaline karşı destansı bir mücadele verdi. Kurduğu mücahit birlikleriyle vur kaç taktiği uygulayarak işgalci İtalyanlara kök söktürdü.
“Çöl aslanı” unvanı verilen Ö. Muhtar İtalyanlara esir düştü, 20 bin civarındaki halkın önünde asılarak idam edildi. Filmi yapıldı.
LİBYA KRALLIĞI
Bugün Libya adı altında toplanan Trablus, Bingazi, Fizan bölgeleri Mısır’ın Osmanlı Devleti’ne bağlanmasının ardından kendiliğinden kontrol altına girmişti. Oradaki görevli Yeniçerilerin yerli kadınlarla evlenmesinden doğan erkek çocuklarına ‘kuloğlu’ denirdi. Böylece Türk-Arap melezi bir nesil doğdu. Bunlar Libya ile aramızdaki kaynaşmaya yol açtı.
Lozan’da Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Libya topraklarındaki haklarından vazgeçmeye mecbur kaldı. 1951’de Bağımsız Libya Krallığı kuruldu. Zengin petrol yatakları bulunması üzerine 1953-1959 yıllarında milletlerarası petrol şirketleri Libya’ya yerleşti. ABD, Fransa ve İtalya ile anlaşmalar imzalandı. Muammer Kaddafi 1969’da bir darbe ile ülkenin yönetimini ele geçirdi. Kral İdris bu sırada özel bir ziyaret için Türkiye’de bulunuyordu.
Türk firmalarına büyük ihaleler verildi, teknisyen ve işçilerimizin çalışmasına imkan sağlandı. Libya’daki Türk işçilerinin sayısı bir ara 50.000’i buldu. Türkiye’nin bu ülkeye ihracatı giderek arttı, Türk şirketlerine verilen inşaat ihalelerinin toplamı da 11 milyar doları aşmıştı. Kaddafi’nin devrilmesiyle birlikte ülkede kaos yaşanır oldu.
Bugünlerde Libya’da olmak görevimizdir.
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