Kurban “yakınlık” manasına gelen “kurb” kökünden gelmekedir. Kurbanın asıl hedefi Allah yakınlığını kazanma düşüncesidir.
Dini terim olarak kurban, bu yakınlığı sağlamak niyetiyle belli özeliklere sahip hayvanın ibadet amacıyla kesilmesi demektir.
Kurban kesmenin biri ruhi-manevi diğeri sosyal ve insani olmak üzere iki yönlü hikmeti vardır. Manevi olanı Allah yakınlığını elde etmek, sosyal ve insani olanı ise yardımlaşmadır.
Kur’an-ı Kerim’de Hz. İbrahim’in oğlunu kurban etmesi yönündeki rüyası anlatılır. Burada bir imtihan söz konusudur. Sabır ve Allah yakınlığı imtihanı.
SEMBOL
İsmail’in kurban edilme emri bir semboldür. O bakımdan kurban ibadetinde söz konusu olan sadece onun kanı ve eti değildir. Asıl amaç Allah’a tam yönelmedir. Bu ise Allah’tan başkasına sevgi ve ilgi duygusunun kurban edilmesiyle gerçekleşir. Bu bir teslimiyet, sabır ve şükrün imtihanıdır.
Amaç, bir babanın sevgili oğlunun kanını toprağa akıtması değildi. Belki Allah’ın huzurunda bütün isteklerin, bütün arzu ve emellerin kurban edilmesidir. Görünüşte bir hayvanın kurban edilmesi ise, bu mananın zahire yansımasıdır. Yunus’un dediği gibi: Kurban olmayınca İsmail gibi / Kimse için gökten koç indirmeye”
Kurban kesmenin, kurban eti dağıtmanın elbette maddi ve sosyal pek çok faydaları vardır. Ama unutmamalı ki bu faydalar, pek ala başka türlü yollarla da sağlanabilir. Kur’an’da “Allah’a ulaşan kurbanların etleri ve kanları değil, O’na olan saygınız/takvanı
TASAVVUFİ ANLAM
En büyü kurban insanın nefsini feda etmesidir. Nefs, bütün kötü huyların merkezi demektir. Kurbanlık koç nefsin simgesidir. Kurban ibadetini yerine getiren mü’min, aynı zamanda nefsini boğazlaması gerektiğinin bilincinde olmalıdır.
Bu düşünceye göre bayramlarda kurban kesmekle nefsi öldürmek arasında sembolik bir ilişki vardır.Fuzuli şöyle der: “Yılda bir kurban keserler halk-ı alem ıyd için / Dem bedem saat be-saat ben senin kurbanınım”
Namazdaki başlama tekbiri ile kurban keserken getirilen tekbir arasında güzel bir bağ kurulur: “Allahü ekber” denince, dünya ve ahireti geriye attım diye düşünmeli. Kurban keserken getirilen tekbirle de, nefsimi kurban ettim, anlayışı içine olmalı.
Bu şekilde kurban olanlar ölü değildir, onlar ilahî aşk gölünde yüzüp durmaktadırlar: “Ey Tanrı’yı bir bilenler can Hakk’a kurban kılanlar / Ölü değildir bu canlar aşk gölünde yüze durur”
Aşık Yunus Hz. İsmail gibi, koç yerine can kurban etmek gerektiğini vurgular: “İsmail’em Hak yoluna canımı kurban eyledim / Çünki bu can kurban sana ben koç” kurbanı neylerem”
Bizim kültürümüzde aşk, teslimiyet ve sevgiyi ifade eden kelimelerden biri de “kurban”dır. Bir sevdalı şöyle seslenir: “Kurban olam kalem tutan ellere / Katip arzuhalimi yare böyle yaz”
Bu düşüncelerle Kurban bayramınızı kutlarım.
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