Mahmut Haldun Sönmezer 1971 Bergama doğumlu bir öğretmen, yazar ve araştırmacı. Sosyoloji öğreniminden sonra Din Sosyolojisi’nden yüksek lisans çalışması yaptı. 16 yıl aradan sonra bu tez, gayretli yayıncı Hayri Ataş tarafından kitap olarak yayımlandı:
‘Modernleşme Sürecinde İstanbul Yahudileri’ (Post yayını, 2020).
Kitap bir ‘Alan Araştırması’dır. Bu bir sosyoloji terimi. Anlamı şu: Yazar farklı kesimlerden 81 adet Yahudi vatandaşımıza inançları, ibadetleri, dini ve dünyevi konulardaki tutumları hakkında ayrıntılı anket soruları yöneltmiştir. Bu, zor ve ciddi çalışma gerektiren bir iştir.
Kitap iki ana bölümden oluşur.
İlk kısımda modernleşme kavramı, tarih içinde Türk toplumunda Yahudilerin durumu, Yahudilikte din ve mabet, başlıca ibadetleri ve kutsalları hakkında bilgi verilir.
OSMANLI’DA YAHUDİLER
Çalışmadan öğrendiğimize göre Osmanlı toprakları Yahudi toplumu için rahat ve huzur içinde yaşadıkları bir yerdir. İstanbul’un fethinden sonra Fatih, Sinagog tamiri ve yapımına izin verdi. Yahudilerde Sinagog (Havra) bir ibadet yeri olduğu kadar kültür mekanıdır.
Yaşadıkları ülkelerinden çıkarılan on binlerce Yahudi bize sığındı. Yoğun olarak Selanik ve İstanbul’da yerleştiler.
16. asırda İstanbul’da 44 Havra ve 30 bin Yahudi vardı. Daha sonra bu sayı arttı. 1948’de İsrail’in kurulmasıyla birlikte, 1970’lere kadar 38 bin Yahudi oraya göçtü. Bunlardan 13 bini geri döndü. Halen Türkiye’de 25 bin Yahudi vatandaşımız var. Bunların 20 bini İstanbul’dadır.
Doğum oranı düşüktür.
Yahudiler kentli bir toplumdur.
Osmanlı’nın son dönemlerinde bilhassa ticaret hayatında etkili idiler. Dil bilmeleri uzun süre mesela İzmir’de gümrüklerde görev almalarını sağladı. İzmir’de Havra Sokağı meşhurdur. Daha sonra Karataş ve Karantina semtlerini tercih ettiler. Yahudilikte Şabat, Yom-Kipur, Pesah gibi kutsal günler vardır.
İNANÇ YÜKSEK İBADET ZAYIF
Tezin asıl amacı, modernleşmenin geleneksel Yahudi toplumuna etkisini araştırmaktır. ‘Modernleşme’, gelişmiş modern ülkelere benzeme gayreti demektir.
Batıda modernleşmeyle birlikte din alanı geriledi, akılcılık ön plana çıktı.
Din sosyal hayattan çekildi, vicdanlara hapsedildi, seküler anlayış hakim oldu.
Bütün bunlar dindar bir toplum olan Yahudilerde nelere yol açtı? Haldun Sönmezer’in anket sorularından çıkardığı sonuçları şöyle özetlemek mümkün:
İstanbul Yahudilerinde Tanrı inancı çok yüksek olmasına rağmen, diğer dini inançlarda ve ibadetlerin icrasında düşme görülür. Büyük çoğunluk modern eğitimi tercih ediyor. İbadete ilgi zayıflamakla birlikte din-kültür ilişkisi çok güçlüdür.
Modernleşme Yahudiler arasında kimlik kaybına yol açmamıştır. Gelenekle modern çatışmasında modern olanı tercih etmektedirler. Fakat bu arada geleneksel olanı kucaklamak eğilimindedirler.
Bu araştırmadan çıkan sonuç kısaca şudur: İstanbul Yahudilerinde inançlarına bağlılık şuuru yüksektir fakat din kurallarına uyma ve ibadetleri yerine getirme pratiği zayıflamıştır.
A thoughtful insight and ideas I will use on my blog. You’ve obviously spent some time on this. Congratulations
Just want to say what a great blog you got here!I’ve been around for quite a lot of time, but finally decided to show my appreciation of your work!
Your article helped me a lot, is there any more related content? Thanks!
I’ll check back after you publish more articles.
This has to be one of my favorite posts! And on top of thats its also very helpful topic for newbies. thank a lot for the information!
Woah this is just an insane amount of information, must of taken ages to compile so thanx so much for just sharing it with all of us. If your ever in any need of related information, just check out my own site!
Glad to be one of many visitants on this amazing site : D.
Thanks for posting this. Looking for these resources 😀
However, it is virtually all done with tongues rooted solidly in cheeks, and everyone has absolutely nothing but absolutely love for his or her friendly neighborhood scapegoat. The truth is, he is not just a pushover. He is basically that special variety of person strong enough to take all of that good natured ribbing for exactly what it is.
It sounds like you’re creating problems yourself by defining this as such a comprehensive, almost unknowable problem. Isn’t that self-defeating?
HBet – Cổng giải trí trực tuyến hàng đầu, quy tụ hàng ngàn trò chơi cá cược thể thao, casino, slot game và bắn cá đổi thưởng. Giao diện mượt mà, bảo mật tuyệt …
Simply wish to say the frankness in your article is surprising.
It’s a comprehensive, yet fast read.
With internet full of dupe articles it is nice to find original content like yours thank you so very much.
I’m so happy to read this. This is the type of manual that needs to be given and not the random misinformation that’s at the other blogs. Appreciate your sharing this best doc.
Great blog here! Additionally your website rather a lot up very fast! What host are you the usage of? Can I get your associate link for your host? I desire my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
This blog post is excellent, probably because of how well the subject was developed. I like some of the comments too though I could prefer we all stay on the subject in order add value to the subject!
Wow, amazing blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you make blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is wonderful, let alone the content!
Loving the info on this website , you have done outstanding job on the blog posts.
I am very happy to look your post. Thanks a lot and i am taking a look ahead to touch you.
I thought it was going to be some boring old post, but I’m glad I visited. I will post a link to this site on my blog. I am sure my visitors will find that very useful.
This is really interesting, You’re a very skilled blogger. I have joined your feed and look forward to seeking more of your fantastic post. Also, I have shared your website in my social networks!
I have to say this post was certainly informative and contains useful content for enthusiastic visitors. I will definitely bookmark this website for future reference and further viewing. cheers a bunch for sharing this with us!
A neighbor of mine encouraged me to take a look at your blog site couple weeks ago, given that we both love similar stuff and I will need to say I am quite impressed.
I will share you blog with my sis.
Wish I’d thought of this. Am in the field, but I procrastinate alot and haven’t written as much as I’d like. Thanks.
If you are looking to post free classifieds in India online, we highly recommend Xpdea Classifieds. Xpdea is India’s leading free online ads posting site.
If you are looking to post free classifieds in India online, we highly recommend Xpdea Classifieds. Xpdea is India’s leading free online ads posting site.
If you are looking to post free classifieds in India online, we highly recommend Xpdea Classifieds. Xpdea is India’s leading free online ads posting site.
Hi my family member! I want to say that this article is amazing, great written and include approximately all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this .
Great blog here! Additionally your website rather a lot up very fast! What host are you the usage of? Can I get your associate link for your host? I desire my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
Τα online καζίνο αποτελούν σήμερα μια από τις πιο δημοφιλείς μορφές ψυχαγωγίας στην Ελλάδα. Η αγάπη των Ελλήνων παικτών για αυτή τη μορφή διασκέδασης μεγαλώνει συνεχώς, και μαζί με αυτή την αύξηση, πολλαπλασιάζονται και οι επιλογές σε διαδικτυακά καζίνο. Αν θέλεις να βρεις τα καλύτερα και πιο ασφαλή καζίνο για να παίξεις, είναι σημαντικό να ξέρεις πώς να ξεχωρίζεις τις αξιόπιστες πλατφόρμες από τις υπόλοιπες. Στο παρακάτω άρθρο θα βρεις χρήσιμες πληροφορίες και συμβουλές για να κάνεις την καλύτερη επιλογή και να απολαύσεις το παιχνίδι με ασφάλεια και διασκέδαση.
I am very happy to look your post. Thanks a lot and i am taking a look ahead to touch you.
You are not right. I am assured. I can prove it. Write to me in PM, we will talk.
Great blog here! Also your site loads up very fast! What web host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
Thank you pertaining to sharing the following great subject matter on your website. I ran into it on google. I am going to check to come back after you publish additional aricles.
Your resources are well developed.
Ten ranking prezentuje wyłącznie sprawdzone i legalne kasyna online Polska 2025, które oferują bezpieczną grę, ekskluzywne bonusy i uczciwe warunki. Znajdziesz tu szczegółowe analizy, aby świadomie wybrać najlepszą platformę dla siebie. Poniżej znajdziesz pełne opisy operatorów z naszego rankingu. Wstaw własne grafiki — obrazy wczytują się leniwie i zachowują naturalne proporcje (bez kadrowania).
Thanks for your patience and sorry for the inconvenience!
Spot on with this write-up, I truly believe this website requirements a lot much more consideration. I’ll probably be once more to read much much more, thanks for that info.
Great info! Keep post great articles.
I appreciate, cause I found just what I was looking for. You’ve ended my four day long hunt! God Bless you man. Have a great day. Bye -.
Saw your material, and hope you publish more soon.
XN88 là một cổng game đổi thưởng và nhà cái trực tuyến mới thành lập (2025), cung cấp hơn 2.500 tựa game đa nền tảng, nổi bật với bảo mật mạnh, giao diện thân …
If most people wrote about this subject with the eloquence that you just did, I’m sure people would do much more than just read, they act. Great stuff here. Please keep it up.
I know this is not exactly on topic, but i have a blog using the blogengine platform as well and i’m having issues with my comments displaying. is there a setting i am forgetting? maybe you could help me out? thank you.
I had fun reading this post. I want to see more on this subject.. Gives Thanks for writing this nice article.. Anyway, I’m going to subscribe to your rss and I wish you write great articles again soon.
Thanks For This Blog, was added to my bookmarks.
thank, I thoroughly enjoyed reading your article. I really appreciate your wonderful knowledge and the time you put into educating the rest of us.
Your resources are well developed.
I cannot thank you more than enough for the blogposts on your website. I know you set a lot of time and energy into these and truly hope you know how deeply I appreciate it. I hope I’ll do a similar thing person sooner or later.
you’re in reality a just right webmaster. The web site loading velocity is incredible. It sort of feels that you’re doing any distinctive trick. In addition, The contents are masterpiece. you’ve performed a great process on this topic!
Pretty impressive article. I just stumbled upon your site and wanted to say that I have really enjoyed reading your opinions. Any way I’ll be coming back and I hope you post again soon.
Just want to say what a great blog you got here!I’ve been around for quite a lot of time, but finally decided to show my appreciation of your work!
Great post. I was checking constantly this blog and I’m impressed! Very useful info specifically the last part 🙂 I care for such info much. I was looking for this certain information for a very long time. Thank you and good luck.
I Am Going To have to come back again when my course load lets up – however I am taking your Rss feed so i can go through your site offline. Thanks.
Spot on with this write-up, I actually assume this website needs far more consideration. I will in all probability be once more to learn rather more, thanks for that info.
I think other website proprietors should take this web site as an model, very clean and great user pleasant style and design .
Is it okay to put a portion of this on my weblog if perhaps I post a reference point to this web page?
This will be helpful for my family.
Saw your material, and hope you publish more soon.
This is a great blog. Thank you for the very informative post.
Hi my family member! I want to say that this article is amazing, great written and include approximately all important infos. I’d like to see more posts like this .
Assume you are doing good linking to position you on the first pages of search engines.
Thank you for all the information was very accurate, just wondering if all this is possible.~
hey thanks for the info. appreciate the good work
What’s Happening i’m new to this, I stumbled upon this I’ve found It positively useful and it has aided me out loads. I hope to contribute & help other users like its aided me. Great job.
I am glad to talk with you and you give me great help
I wanted to check up and let you know how, a great deal I cherished discovering your blog today. I might consider it an honor to work at my office and be able to utilize the tips provided on your blog and also be a part of visitors’ reviews like this. Should a position associated with guest writer become on offer at your end, make sure you let me know.
This is definitely a wonderful webpage, thanks a lot..
It’s time for communities to rally.
If most people wrote about this subject with the eloquence that you just did, I’m sure people would do much more than just read, they act. Great stuff here. Please keep it up.
Hello there! I really enjoy reading your blog! If you keep making amazing posts like this I will come back every day to keep reading.
It’s clear you’re passionate about the issues.
Wow, amazing blog layout! How long have you been blogging for? you made blogging look easy. The overall look of your site is great, as well as the content!
Our communities really need to deal with this.
Im impressed. I dont think Ive met anyone who knows as much about this subject as you do. Youre truly well informed and very intelligent. You wrote something that people could understand and made the subject intriguing for everyone. Really, great blog youve got here.
Makes sense to me.
Nice blog here! Also your web site loads up very fast! What host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my web site loaded up as fast as yours lol
This information is very important and you’ll need to know this when you constructor your own photo voltaic panel.
We absolutely love your blog and find the majority of your post’s to be exactly what I’m looking for. Do you offer guest writers to write content to suit your needs? I wouldn’t mind composing a post or elaborating on a number of the subjects you write about here. Again, awesome weblog!
Thank you for all the information was very accurate, just wondering if all this is possible.~
Cherished is likely to be what people say about your comments.
You are one talented writer thank you for the post.
OK, you outline what is a big issue. But, can’t we develop more answers in the private sector?
Good site! I truly love how it is easy on my eyes it is. I am wondering how I might be notified when a new post has been made. I’ve subscribed to your RSS which may do the trick? Have a great day!
The post is absolutely great! Lots of great info and inspiration, both of which we all need! Also like to admire the time and effort you put into your blog and detailed information you offer! I will bookmark your website!
My coder is trying to convince me to move to .net from PHP. I have always disliked the idea because of the expenses. But he’s tryiong none the less. I’ve been using WordPress on numerous websites for about a year and am nervous about switching to another platform. I have heard great things about blogengine.net. Is there a way I can import all my wordpress posts into it? Any help would be really appreciated!
Can you be more specific about the content of your article? After reading it, I still have some doubts. Hope you can help me.
Great post. Just a heads up – I am running Ubuntu with the beta of Firefox and the navigation of your blog is kind of broken for me.
It’s time for communities to rally.
Simply want to say your article is as amazing. The clarity in your post is just great and i can assume you’re an expert on this subject. Fine with your permission allow me to grab your feed to keep up to date with forthcoming post. Thanks a million and please keep up the gratifying work.
Hello there I am so delighted I found your weblog, I really found you by mistake, while I was searching on Google for something else, Anyhow I am here now and would just like to say cheers for a remarkable post and a all round exciting blog (I also love the theme/design), I don’t have time to browse it all at the moment but I have book-marked it and also included your RSS feeds, so when I have time I will be back to read a lot more, Please do keep up the superb work.
Well done! Keep up this quality!
I wish I could craft such articles as this. Thank you very much.
This information is critically needed, thanks.
fantastic internet site, I could definitely go to your web page once more…acquired some really nice info.
Thank you for this great piece of content. Best Regards
Great blog here! Also your site loads up very fast! What web host are you using? Can I get your affiliate link to your host? I wish my website loaded up as fast as yours lol
Thank you a lot for sharing this with all folks you actually recognize what you’re speaking about! Bookmarked. Please additionally visit my site =). We can have a hyperlink trade contract among us!
Took me time to read the material, but I truly loved the article. It turned out to be very useful to me.
I have been surfing online more than three hours today, yet I never found anything that grabbed my interest as much as this piece.
Hello.This article was extremely interesting, particularly since I was searching for thoughts on this subject last couple of days.
I’ve thought about posting something about this before. Good job! Can I use part of your post in my blog?