Mesnevi sohbetleri

Mevlana Celaleddin’in meşhur eseri Mesnevi çok ilgi görmüş bir kitaptır. Zaman içinde onun beyit beyit açıklanması bir gelenek halini aldı. Bu açıklamalar sırasında en geniş şekilde tasavvuf meseleleri işlenirdi. Bunun yanında din, ahlak, şiir, edebiyat, tarih gibi çok geniş bir alanda dolaşılmış olurdu. Böylece bu sahalara ait bilgiler, görüşler, yorumlar aktarılırdı. O bakımdan Mesnevi şerhi yani açıklaması yapabilmek ciddi bir tasavvuf kültürünü ve zengin bir bilgi birikimini gerektirir. Bu faaliyetler tekkede, camide veya bir sohbet mahallinde icra edilirdi. Bunlara dinleyici olarak sadece Mevleviler değil, tarikat mensubu olsun olmasın konuya ilgi duyan herkes katılabilirdi.

Zamanla kurumlaşma da ortaya çıktı. Mesnevi okutup açıklamalarını yapanlara “Mesnevihan” dendi. Bunlara icazet yani bir tür diploma verilerek işin daha sağlıklı yürütülmesi cihetine gidildi. Hatta sadece Mesnevi okutmak için “Daru’l-Mesnevi” adlı kurumlar açıldı. İstanbul’da en son yapılan Daru’l-Mesnevi’nin Çarşamba’daki Murat Molla dergahı şeyhinin eseri olduğu belirtilir. Buradaki icazet töreninin yapıldığı gün, devrin padişahı Sultan Mecid de debdebeli bir alayla gelmiş, icazet alanlara kıymetli hediyeler vermiştir.

MESNEVİ HİKAYELERİ

Mevlana Mesnevi’sinde yalnız din ve tasavvuf bilgileri vermiyor. Aynı zamanda eski Şark efsanelerinden, peygamberlere ve evliyaya ait olay ve menkıbelerden örnekler de sunuyor. Mesnevi’de eski kültürlerden süzülüp gelen, bir bakıma insanlığın ortak malı sayılan çok miktarda hikaye yer alır.

Onun çeşitli hikayelere yer vermesinin amacı, bir fikri zihinlere daha iyi yerleştirmektedir. O, çok basit ve etkili bir pedagoji kuralını uygulamıştır. Teorik bilgi ve fikirlerin yalın olarak verilmesi son derece kuru ve itici olur. Halbuki bir olaya, bir hikayeye bağlı olarak sunulunca kolay takip edilir ve hatırda daha iyi kalır. Benim “Mesnevi Hikayelerinden Dersler” adlı kitabımda 40 hikayenin yorumu yer alır.

MESNEVİ MEDENİYETİ

Türk insanının kültür ve irfan hayatında Mesnevi’nin önemli yeri vardır. Büyük şairimiz Yahya kemal bu gerçeği veciz bir şekilde dile getirir. Şöyle ki:

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar, bir gün Yahya Kemal’e: “Neydi bu eskilerin hayatı acaba? Nasıl yaşarlardı?” diye sorar. Gülerek cevap verir: “Gayet basit, pilav yiyerek ve Mesnevi okuyarak! Medeniyetimiz pilav ve Mesnevi medeniyetiydi.” Başka bir defasında da Yahya Kemal: “Medeniyetimiz Mesnevi ve cihad medeniyetiydi” der.

Uzun bir kesinti döneminden sonra, son yıllarda Mesnevi şerhçiliği tekrar gündeme geldi. Birçok şehrimizde “Mesnevi okumaları” veya “Mesnevi sohbeti” yapılmaktadır. Bu iş İzmir’de şimdilik bendenize düştü. Yeni kurulan İzmir Tasavvuf Araştırmaları Derneği faaliyeti olarak Çarşamba akşamları Valiliğin tensibiyle Emir Sultan’da; ayrıca cumartesi öğleden sonra Türk Kültür ve Sanat Derneği’nde Mesnevi sohbeti yapmaktayım. Her ikisi de halka açık olup 15 günde bir yapılıyor.

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