Musul ve Kerkük bizim kültür coğrafyamız içindedir.
Musul, Sultan Melikşah devrinde Büyük Selçuklu Devleti sınırları içine katıldı. O bölgelerde her zaman yoğun bir Türkmen nüfusu olageldi. Osmanlı zamanında Musul eyalet veya vilayet merkezi olarak önemli şehirlerden biriydi. 1926’da kesin olarak bizden ayrıldı.
Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar çocukluğunun bir dönemini Musul ve Kerkük’te geçirdi.
1914’lerde babası orada kadı idi. 13 yaşında kaybettiği annesinin kabri Musul’dadır.
Tanpınar’ın ilk şiirinin adı ‘Musul Akşamları’dır. Şu dörtlük o şiirdendir:
“Sularda açılır fani çiçekler /
Ufka ezanların yükselir ahı/
Şimdi boş sahili gurbetle bekler/
Kimsesiz çöllerin yorgun seyyahı.”
Tanpınar’ın hikayelerinde çocukluğuna dair Kerkük ve Musul anıları yer alır (Kerkük Hatıraları). Musul’la Kerkük birbirine yakın, araları 150 km’dir. Osmanlı yönetimi sırasında Kerkük, Musul vilayetinin bir sancağı idi.
TÜRKMEN’E ZULÜM
Musul ve Kerkük zengin petrol yatakları sebebiyle emperyalist devletlerin göz diktiği yerlerdir. Onun için son bir asır boyunca rahat yüzü görmediler.
Özellikle Kerkük çok zulme maruz kaldı. Saddam zamanında Araplaştırma, son senelerde de Kürtleştirme tehdidi altında yaşadılar. Bu yüzden çoğunlukta olan Türkmen nüfus perişan oldu ve azınlığa düştü.
İçimizi yakan o hüzünlü Kerkük türküsünde Türkmenlerin acıları dile gelir:
“Kerküğün zindanına attılar beni/
Mazlumlar sürüsüne kattılar beni.”
Cem Karaca veya Esat Kabaklı’nın sesinden dinleyebileceğimiz bu ağıt içimizi karartır (Bkz. Youtube).
HÜZÜN VE ÜMİT
Kerkük Türkmenleri zengin bir şiir, edebiyat ve müzik birikimine sahiptir. Yüz yıldır çektikleri acılar bu şiirlere yansımıştır:
“Türkmenem demişem/
Türkçe söylemişem/
Eskiyaka’da kurşunlara dizilmişem.”
Siyasi konjonktür sebebiyle Türkiye, Kerkük Türkmenleri’ne açıktan yeterince destek veremedi. Şu sitemli dizeler bunu gösterir:
“Men Türkmen balasıyam/
Öz vatanın parçasıyam/
Bizi unutma ağam/
Tam bir adın ötesiyem.”
Misak-ı Milli’ye göre Kerkük ve Musul bizim sınırlarımız içinde idi. Gene petrol sebebiyle İngiliz bize oyun etti.
Onun için şu mısraları yutkunarak okuyoruz:
“Kerkük Türkmen gardaşı/
Çanakkale’de Mehmed’in sırdaşı/
Anadolu’da sınırlar çizildi/
Sınır dışında bıraktın gardaşı.”
Aynı şekilde acıklı bir Kerkük şirinin nakaratı gözlerimizi yaşartır:
“Kerkük Musulele diyor gel diye/
Göz kırpmadan vatan için öl diye.”
Kara gün kararıp kalmaz. Bu gecenin sabahı da olacaktır. En baştaki ağıtın içinde ümit ışıkları vardır:
“Gökkubbeyi sarsar mazlum feryadım/
Elbette bir gün güler bize seneler.”
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