15 Temmuz darbe kalkışmasından sonra, medyamızda cemaatler ve tarikatlar sorgulanırken at izi it izine karıştı.
FETÖ hareketi için kimi cemaat, kimi tarikat, kimi de hizmet hareketi diyor.
En can sıkıcı olan ise tarikat, cemaat mezhep kavramlarının birbirine karıştırılmasıdır. Bunun iki sebebi var, bilgisizlik veya kasıt.
Önce kavramları açıklayalım:
“Tarikat”: Sözlükte gidilecek yol, izlenecek usul gibi anlamlar taşır. Terim olarak tasavvufta tarikat, insanların manevi kabiliyetlerini geliştirmek için kurulmuş dini-manevi yol demektir.
Tasavvuf inanışının kurumlaşmış şeklidir.
“Mezhep” de sözlükte gidilecek yol demektir. Terim olarak ise mezhep, İslam dininin inanç ve ibadet esaslarına ait farklı yorumların kurumlaşmış şekline denir.
Mezhep inanç ve ibadetler alanına, tarikat ise tasavvuf alanına aittir. Mesela Eş’arilik, Matüridilik inanç mezhepleri; Hanefilik, Şafiilik ibadete mezhepleri;
Kadirilik, Rifailik, Nakşbendilik ise tasavvufa ait tarikatlardır.
Cemaat: Sözlükte bir yere toplanmış insan kalabalığı demektir.
Sosyolojide ise cemaat, üyelerinin ortaklaşa paylaştıkları bir şeye (genellikle ortak bir ideolojiye ya da bir kimlik duygusuna) dayanan, özel olarak oluşturulmuş bir toplumsal ilişkiler bütünüdür. Türkiye’de ise cemaat kavramı medya tarafından sadece dini örgütlenmeleri ifade etmek için kullanılmaktadır.
BOZULAN TEKKE
Tarikatla nevzuhur sapkın cemaatler karıştırılıyor. Bunu bilerek yapanların amacı şudur:
Asırlardır dini ve sosyal hayatımızda önemli yeri olan tekke ve tarikatların çoğunun işleyişi zaman içinde bozuldu. Önce bazı düzenlemeler yapıldı, nihayet 1925’te tekkeler tamamen kapatıldı.
Tekke mensupları büyük bir sosyal statü kaybına uğradı. O güne kadar el üstünde tutulan şeyh ve dervişler tu kaka edildi.
Bunun sonucu olarak “tarikat” kelimesine olumsuz bir anlam yüklendi. Bazı açıkgözler tarafından, istenmeyen her dini hareket ve topluluğa tarikat yaftası vurulur oldu.
KÜLT NEDİR?
Şu olayı yeni duydum: İkisi de rahmetli olan İlhan Ayverdi ve Ergun Göze arasında geçen bir konuşmadır bu. İlhan Ayverdi kültürümüze abide bir sözlük kazandırdı:
Kubbealtı Lügati.
Dolayısıyla kelimelere karşı duyarlığı vardı.
İlhan Hanım bir gün ziyaretine gelen Ergun Göze ile konuşurken der ki: Siz çok okunan bir yazarsınız. Yanlış ve sapık dini hareketler için “tarikat” deniyor.
Bu son derece hatalıdır. Bu tür yeni topluluklar için “kült” kelimesi kullanılmalıdır. Yazılarınızda buna değinmenizi rica ediyorum.
Ergun beyin ağırdan aldığını görünce İlhan Ayverdi, tekrar tekrar ısrar eder.
Kubbealtı Lügati’nde “kült” kelimesinin sözlük anlamı verildikten sonra şu açıklama yapılır:
Kült, aynen bizdeki tarikat kelimesi gibi anlam kaymasıyla şu manaya gelmeye başlamıştır: Yakın bir tarihte bir liderin önderliğinde ortaya çıkan militan dini-ideolojik örgütlenme.
Tıpkı FETÖ hareketini tarif ediyor.
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